What are Synthetic Cannabinoids & How are They Made?

Synthetic cannabinoids are a growing topic of interest in the cannabis world, and understanding what they are can help consumers make better, more informed choices. Whether you're curious about their origins, how they compare to natural cannabinoids, or what to watch out for, this guide breaks it all down.

What are Synthetic Cannabinoids?

Synthetic cannabinoids are human-made compounds designed to interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, similar to the way natural cannabinoids like THC and CBD do. While they attempt to mimic the effects of natural cannabis, synthetic cannabinoids are produced in labs and often vary widely in chemical structure and potency.

These substances were originally developed for research and pharmaceutical purposes, but many have found their way into unregulated markets. It's important for consumers to understand the differences, especially since not all synthetic cannabinoids have been tested for safety or efficacy.

List of Synthetic Cannabinoids

There are many types of synthetic cannabinoids, and their effects and legality can vary. Here are some of the most commonly discussed:

JWH-018

One of the first synthetic cannabinoids developed for research. It was commonly found in early products marketed as "Spice" or "K2."

HU-210

Extremely potent and long-lasting, this compound is similar in structure to THC but can be many times stronger.

CP 55,940

A compound created to study cannabinoid receptors; it binds more strongly than THC and is not found in cannabis.

AM-2201

A powerful synthetic cannabinoid often found in herbal blends. It has been associated with several health risks.

AB-FUBINACA

Originally created by pharmaceutical companies, this compound has shown up in many synthetic cannabinoid products and is known for its extreme potency.

Where Do Synthetic Cannabinoids Come From?

Synthetic cannabinoids are usually created in laboratory settings, often by researchers studying the endocannabinoid system or by pharmaceutical companies developing new medications. However, many versions found on the illicit market are produced without regulatory oversight, frequently in unlicensed labs overseas.

They are often sprayed onto plant materials to be smoked or sold as oils or liquids for use in vaporizers. The unregulated nature of many synthetic cannabinoids raises concerns about purity, consistency, and safety.

Are Synthetic Cannabinoids Safe?

Safety can vary widely depending on the specific compound and how it's made. Some synthetic cannabinoids have been studied in controlled settings, while others—particularly those found in unregulated products—have been linked to serious health effects. Unlike natural cannabinoids derived from cannabis, synthetic versions often interact with the body in unpredictable ways. Because of this, they can carry significantly higher risks, especially when used without medical supervision.

Comparing Synthetic and Natural Cannabinoids

While both synthetic and natural cannabinoids act on the same receptors in the body, they differ greatly in origin, potency, and safety profile. Synthetic cannabinoids are lab-made and often more potent, while natural cannabinoids come from the cannabis plant and are typically better studied and regulated. For a deeper dive into how these two categories compare, check out our expanded guide.

Final Thoughts

Synthetic cannabinoids represent a complex and evolving area of cannabis science. While some have medical applications, many others pose potential risks due to their strength and lack of oversight. At Zen Leaf, we support transparency and informed decision-making—and while we focus exclusively on natural, plant-derived cannabinoids, we believe it's important to understand all aspects of the cannabis landscape. Always prioritize safety, and if in doubt, consult a healthcare professional before trying any cannabinoid product.